Contents

Preface

Contributors

Part I  Autecology

I.1  Ecological Niche

I.2  Physiological Ecology: Animals

I.3  Physiological Ecology: Plants

I.4  Functional Morphology: Muscles, Elastic Mechanisms, and Animal Performance

I.5  Habitat Selection

I.6  Dispersal

I.7  Foraging Behavior

I.8  Social Behavior

I.9  Phenotypic Plasticity

I.10  Life History

I.11  Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

I.12  Geographic Range

I.13  Adaptation

I.14  Phenotypic Selection

I.15  Population Genetics and Ecology

I.16  Phylogenetics and Comparative Methods

I.17  Microevolution

I.18  Ecological Speciation: Natural Selection and the Formation of New Species

I.19  Adaptive Radiation

Part II  Population Ecology

II.1  Age-Structured and Stage-Structured Population Dynamics

II.2  Density Dependence and Single-Species Population Dynamics

II.3  Biological Chaos and Complex Dynamics

II.4  Metapopulations and Spatial Population Processes

II.5  Competition and Coexistence in Plant Communities

II.6  Competition and Coexistence in Animal Communities

II.7  Predator–Prey Interactions

II.8  Host–Parasitoid Interactions

II.9  Ecological Epidemiology

II.10  Interactions between Plants and Herbivores

II.11  Mutualism and Symbiosis

II.12  Ecology of Microbial Populations

II.13  Coevolution

Part III  Communities and Ecosystems

III.1  Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, and Measurement

III.2  Competition, Neutrality, and Community Organization

III.3  Predation and Community Organization

III.4  Facilitation and the Organization of Plant Communities

III.5  Indirect Effects in Communities and Ecosystems: The Role of Trophic and Nontrophic Interactions

III.6  Top-Down and Bottom-Up Regulation of Communities

III.7  The Structure and Stability of Food Webs

III.8  Spatial and Metacommunity Dynamics in Biodiversity

III.9  Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Flows: Patterns across Ecosystems

III.10  Nutrient Cycling and Biogeochemistry

III.11  Terrestrial Carbon and Biogeochemical Cycles

III.12  Freshwater Carbon and Biogeochemical Cycles

III.13  The Marine Carbon Cycle

III.14  Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

III.15  Ecological Stoichiometry

III.16  Macroecological Perspectives on Communities and Ecosystems

III.17  Alternative Stable States and Regime Shifts in Ecosystems

III.18  Responses of Communities and Ecosystems to Global Changes

III.19  Evolution of Communities and Ecosystems

Part IV Landscapes and the Biosphere

IV.1  Landscape Dynamics

IV.2  Landscape Pattern and Biodiversity

IV.3  Ecological Dynamics in Fragmented Landscapes

IV.4  Biodiversity Patterns in Managed and Natural Landscapes

IV.5  Boundary Dynamics in Landscapes

IV.6  Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Terrestrial Environments

IV.7  Biosphere–Atmosphere Interactions in Landscapes

IV.8  Seascape Patterns and Dynamics of Coral Reefs

IV.9  Seascape Microbial Ecology: Structure, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Function

IV.10 Spatial Dynamics of Marine

Part V Conservation Biology

V.1  Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions

V.2  Population Viability Analysis

V.3  Principles of Reserve Design

V.4  Building and Implementing Systems of Conservation Areas

V.5  Marine Conservation

V.6  Conservation and Global Climate Change

V.7  Restoration Ecology

Part VI Ecosystem Services

VI.1  Ecosystem Services: Issues of Scale and Trade-Offs

VI.2  Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Ecosystem Services

VI.3  Beyond Biodiversity: Other Aspects of Ecological Organization

VI.4  Human-Dominated Systems: Agroecosystems

VI.5  Forests

VI.6  Grasslands

VI.7  Marine Ecosystem Services

VI.8  Provisioning Services: A Focus on Fresh Water

VI.9  Regulating Services: A Focus on Disease Regulation

VI.10  Support Services: A Focus on Genetic Diversity

VI.11  The Economics of Ecosystem Services

VI.12  Technological Substitution and Augmentation of Ecosystem Services

VI.13  Conservation of Ecosystem Services

Part VII Managing the Biosphere

VII.1  Biological Control: Theory and Practice

VII.2  Fisheries Management

VII.3  Wildlife Management

VII.4  Managing the Global Water System

VII.5  Managing Nutrient Mobilization and Eutrophication

VII.6  Managing Infectious Diseases

VII.7  Agriculture, Land Use, and the Transformation of Planet Earth

VII.8  The Ecology, Economics, and Management of Alien Invasive Species

VII.9  Ecological Economics: Principles of Economic Policy Design for Ecosystem Management

VII.10  Governance and Institutions

VII.11  Assessments: Linking Ecology to Policy

Milestones in Ecology

Glossary

Index