Contents

The Editor and Contributors

Acknowledgments

Volume 1

Abbasid Caliphate

Alexander the Great

Alphabet, Aramaic

Alphabet, Cyrillic

Alphabet, Greek

Alphabet, Latin

Alphabet, Phoenician

Alsace and Lorraine

American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations

American Revolution

Anglo-Dutch Wars

Arkwright, Richard

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Assyrian Empire

Athens, Ancient

Babylonian Empire

Bantu Migrations

Bardi House of Banking

Batavia (Jakarta)

Bell, Alexander Graham

Boxer Rebellion

British Commonwealth

British East India Company

British-South American Trade Relations

Bush, George Herbert Walker

Byzantine Empire

Carnegie, Andrew

Carolingian Empire

Chinese Dynasties

Chinese-Japanese Trade

Columbian Exchange

Columbus, Christopher

Combination Acts

Comparative Advantage

Continental System

Cook, Captain James

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Department Stores

Discovery and Exploration

Disputes and Arbitration, International

Drake, Sir Francis

Volume 2

Economic Consequences of the Peace, The

Economics, Classical

Edison, Thomas Alva

Empire Building

Engels, Friedrich

England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade

European-African Trade

European-Asian Trade

European Trade, Intracontinental

Exploration and Trade

Extraterritoriality

Fairs, International Trade

Festivals and Fairs, Medieval

Financial Institutions

Florence (Firenze)

Ford Motor Company

Frankincense and Myrrh

Franklin, Benjamin

French Revolution

Gandhi, Mohandas

Garamantian Empire

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

General Electric Company

General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The

Great Depression

Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere

Greek City-States

Guangzhou (Canton)

Hakluyt, Richard

Hamburg, Germany

Hanseatic League

Hargreaves, James

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Heckscher, Eli Filip

Hellenistic Architecture

Henry the Navigator

Hohenstaufen Empire

Hundred Years’ War

Indentured Servants

Indian Ocean Trade

Industrial Revolution

Intellectual Property

Internal Combustion Engine

International Monetary Fund

International Trade Commission

Iron Law of Wages

Isabella of Castile

Ivory Coast of Africa

Joint-Stock Companies

Keynes, John Maynard

Kipling, Rudyard

Knights Templars

Linear B Script

List, Georg Frederich

Volume 3

Magellan, Ferdinand

Malthus, Thomas Robert

Manila Galleons

Market Revolution

Mayan Civilization

Mediterranean Sea

Merchant Guilds

Mesopotamian Architecture

Mesopotamian Trade

Migration, Human

Mill, John Stuart

Minoan Civilization

Mongol Invasions

Multinational Enterprise

Napoleonic Wars

Navigation Laws

New Imperialism

Nontariff Barriers

North American Free Trade Agreement

Open Door Notes

Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci

Peter the Great

Ragusa, Republic of (Dubrovnik)

Roman Catholic Church

Roman Empire, Fall of

Royal Niger Company

Russian Revolution

Saharan and Trans-Saharan Trade

Seven Years’ War

Slaves, Plantation

Soviet Union–African Trade Relations

Srivijaya Empire

Tariff Barriers

Teutonic Knights

Timber/Sorochok

Trade Organizations

Transaction Costs

Transportation and Trade

Volume 4

U.S.-Japanese Trade Relations

Wars for Empire

Weights and Measures

World Trade Organization

Code of Hammurabi (18th Century B.C.E.)

Pope Urban 11 Initiates the First Crusade (1095)

Papal Edicts on Usury (1330)

Pegolotti’s Merchant Handbook (c. 1340s)

Canon Law Concerning Usury Used to Break Contracts (1369)

Journal of the First Voyage of Columbus (1492)

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Tetzel’s Instructions on Selling Indulgences (1517)

Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh (1584)

British East India Company Charter (1600)

Sir Edwin Sandys’s Report from the Committee on Free Trade (1604)

English Trade in Japan (1615)

Dutch East India Company Charter (1621)

Sir Thomas Culpepper’s Tract Against Usury (1621)

Sir Thomas Roe’s Speech on the Decay of Trade (1641)

On the Workings of an Exchange (1655)

Excerpts from the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663

Colbert on Mercantilism (1664)

Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

The Merchant Adventurers’ Views on Free Trade (1716)

Treaty of Paris (1763) (Excerpts)

Sugar Act of 1764 (Excerpts)

Stamp Act of 1765 (Article 1)

British Tea Act of 1773

The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Malthus’s Essay on Population (1798) (Excerpts)

President Jefferson’s Secret Message to Congress Regarding the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Berlin Decree (1806)

An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1807)

Milan Decree (1807)

Contract between the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company and Thomas James (1809)

Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws (1814) (Excerpt)

David Ricardo and the Iron Law of Wages (1817)

Treaty of Nanjing (1842)

An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade (1843)

Friedrich Engels on Protective Tariffs or Free Trade System (1847)

Karl Marx’s Speech to the Democratic Association of Brussels at Its Public Meeting (January 9, 1848)

Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) (Excerpt)

Royal Niger Company Contract (1886)

Convention Respecting the Free Navigation of the Suez Maritime Canal (1888)

First Open Door Note (1899)

Panama Canal Treaty of 1903

Federal Reserve Act (1913) (Excerpts)

Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), Chapter 6: Europe after the Treaty

Statute of Westminster (1931)

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1932)

Herbert Hoover’s Response to Franklin D. Roosevelt Concerning the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1932)

Neutrality Act of 1935

Nye Committee Report (1936)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) (Excerpts)

Constitution of the French Community (1958)

ASEAN Declaration (1967)

Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 (Excerpts)

President Reagan’s Speech to the British House of Commons (1982)

Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (1990)

Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (1995)

Chronology of World Trade

Biographical Index

Geographical Index